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	<title>Comments for Neural Networks</title>
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	<link>http://www.icann2007.org</link>
	<description>neural network and artificial intelligence</description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 30 Jul 2010 00:05:58 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>Comment on A software which can train neural networks ? by Toby</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/a-software-which-can-train-neural-networks#comment-294</link>
		<dc:creator>Toby</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Jul 2010 00:14:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/a-software-which-can-train-neural-networks#comment-294</guid>
		<description>I... I... I don't know what to say. On the one hand, if you're working with neural networks, then you've got an IQ in excess of 160, and you're getting a graduate degree in Computer Science.

On the other hand, if you're asking a computer question on Yahoo Answers, then you don't know that much about computers (computer experts typically go to the forums that are specifically about the product or topic that they have a question about).

So I guess what I'm trying to say is that you aren't going to get an answer here; however, if you find an online forum for neural networks, then they can probably point you in the right direction. Here's one I found with Google: http://www.makhfi.com/cgi-bin/teemz/teemz.cgi&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8230; I&#8230; I don&#8217;t know what to say. On the one hand, if you&#8217;re working with neural networks, then you&#8217;ve got an IQ in excess of 160, and you&#8217;re getting a graduate degree in Computer Science.</p>
<p>On the other hand, if you&#8217;re asking a computer question on Yahoo Answers, then you don&#8217;t know that much about computers (computer experts typically go to the forums that are specifically about the product or topic that they have a question about).</p>
<p>So I guess what I&#8217;m trying to say is that you aren&#8217;t going to get an answer here; however, if you find an online forum for neural networks, then they can probably point you in the right direction. Here&#8217;s one I found with Google: <a href="http://www.makhfi.com/cgi-bin/teemz/teemz.cgi" rel="nofollow">http://www.makhfi.com/cgi-bin/teemz/teemz.cgi</a><br /><b>References : </b></p>
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		<title>Comment on What are Artificial Neural Networks good for? by John D</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/what-are-artificial-neural-networks-good-for#comment-287</link>
		<dc:creator>John D</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 08:39:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/what-are-artificial-neural-networks-good-for#comment-287</guid>
		<description>Artificial neural networks are essentially interpolators that are well suited to complex functions for calculating output values from input values where there is a lot of noise in the data. Here, I am taking to mean to usual feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network, not the Kohonen self-organising ones. Think of an artifical neural network as a heavy duty form of curve fitting in multiple dimensions. Multi-dimension curve fitting methods are also referred to as response surface methods.

Artificial neural networks map a (possibly large) set of input values to a (possibly large) set of output values via a series of (usually large) internal calculations whose parameters are determined as some sort of best fit using training data for which both input values and output values are already known. This is exactly the same as curve fitting: take a set on known input/output values (say, x and y pairs), guess a function that maps input to outputs (say y=mx + c), determine the best values for the variables using your known input/output values (i.e. the best values for the constants m and c, however you choose to define best), and then use the resulting equation to predict the likely value of the outputs for new input values. It is perfectly possible, although hugely tedious for anything other than tiny artificial neural networks, to write down the single equation which is the function that relates one output to the inputs, in which there will be variables (the input values) and parameters (the weights and biases). The classic back-propagation algorithm used to train an artificial neural network involves minimising the sum of the squares of the differences between the output values predicted by the network for the training input values and the known output values for those input values, using a mathematical procedure called gradient descent. This is just the same as non-linear least squares regression.

In some of the original work done for artificial neural networks, they were called parallel adaptive filters. Once they were renamed as artificial neural networks, by analogy to the action of neurons in the brain, they became linked with artificial intelligence and subsequently dressed up in a lot of pseudo-spiritual waffle by people who used them as black-boxes but didn't understand what they actually did - i.e. marketing departments and popular science journalists. Some of the terminology encourages this, for example the use of &#34;training&#34; to describe the optimisation process whereby the internal function parameters are determined. The word makes sense in its context, but encourages people to think rather loosely. For example, I've seen published papers in which the network is so large there are two to three times as many adjustable parameters (the biases and weights) as there are training pairs. Not surprisingly, it was a good fit. Fitting a cubic to two data points would also be a good fit, but would probably be wildly off between the original data points. Fortunately, artificial neural networks are less sensitive to this over-determined problem than other interpolators such as polynomial methods. I think this is because the sigmoidal function often used in artificial neural networks becomes less sensitive at extreme input values and because the parallel nature of the network tends to dampen out large swings.&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;I wrote some artificial neural network software a long time ago. I imagine the technology has moved on a bit since then.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Artificial neural networks are essentially interpolators that are well suited to complex functions for calculating output values from input values where there is a lot of noise in the data. Here, I am taking to mean to usual feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network, not the Kohonen self-organising ones. Think of an artifical neural network as a heavy duty form of curve fitting in multiple dimensions. Multi-dimension curve fitting methods are also referred to as response surface methods.</p>
<p>Artificial neural networks map a (possibly large) set of input values to a (possibly large) set of output values via a series of (usually large) internal calculations whose parameters are determined as some sort of best fit using training data for which both input values and output values are already known. This is exactly the same as curve fitting: take a set on known input/output values (say, x and y pairs), guess a function that maps input to outputs (say y=mx + c), determine the best values for the variables using your known input/output values (i.e. the best values for the constants m and c, however you choose to define best), and then use the resulting equation to predict the likely value of the outputs for new input values. It is perfectly possible, although hugely tedious for anything other than tiny artificial neural networks, to write down the single equation which is the function that relates one output to the inputs, in which there will be variables (the input values) and parameters (the weights and biases). The classic back-propagation algorithm used to train an artificial neural network involves minimising the sum of the squares of the differences between the output values predicted by the network for the training input values and the known output values for those input values, using a mathematical procedure called gradient descent. This is just the same as non-linear least squares regression.</p>
<p>In some of the original work done for artificial neural networks, they were called parallel adaptive filters. Once they were renamed as artificial neural networks, by analogy to the action of neurons in the brain, they became linked with artificial intelligence and subsequently dressed up in a lot of pseudo-spiritual waffle by people who used them as black-boxes but didn&#8217;t understand what they actually did - i.e. marketing departments and popular science journalists. Some of the terminology encourages this, for example the use of &quot;training&quot; to describe the optimisation process whereby the internal function parameters are determined. The word makes sense in its context, but encourages people to think rather loosely. For example, I&#8217;ve seen published papers in which the network is so large there are two to three times as many adjustable parameters (the biases and weights) as there are training pairs. Not surprisingly, it was a good fit. Fitting a cubic to two data points would also be a good fit, but would probably be wildly off between the original data points. Fortunately, artificial neural networks are less sensitive to this over-determined problem than other interpolators such as polynomial methods. I think this is because the sigmoidal function often used in artificial neural networks becomes less sensitive at extreme input values and because the parallel nature of the network tends to dampen out large swings.<br /><b>References : </b><br />I wrote some artificial neural network software a long time ago. I imagine the technology has moved on a bit since then.</p>
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		<title>Comment on What are Artificial Neural Networks good for? by Steve C</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/what-are-artificial-neural-networks-good-for#comment-286</link>
		<dc:creator>Steve C</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 08:09:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/what-are-artificial-neural-networks-good-for#comment-286</guid>
		<description>I think they can be &#34;tweaked&#34;/trained/evolved to parse patterns in ways which can very difficult/complex to do with other processing techniques. Things like outputting a 3D outline &#34;sketch&#34; of box given a 2D picture of one.

Think they're got one inside a robot which seems to be able to parse it's enviroment with similar ability (and displayed behavour) to an ant.&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think they can be &quot;tweaked&quot;/trained/evolved to parse patterns in ways which can very difficult/complex to do with other processing techniques. Things like outputting a 3D outline &quot;sketch&quot; of box given a 2D picture of one.</p>
<p>Think they&#8217;re got one inside a robot which seems to be able to parse it&#8217;s enviroment with similar ability (and displayed behavour) to an ant.<br /><b>References : </b></p>
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		<title>Comment on Can someone help explain Neural Networking in simple terms? by Jon</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/can-someone-help-explain-neural-networking-in-simple-terms#comment-282</link>
		<dc:creator>Jon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 08:38:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/can-someone-help-explain-neural-networking-in-simple-terms#comment-282</guid>
		<description>Here is a web page that covers it better than the wikipedia article: 

http://www.ai-junkie.com/ann/evolved/nnt1.html&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here is a web page that covers it better than the wikipedia article: </p>
<p><a href="http://www.ai-junkie.com/ann/evolved/nnt1.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.ai-junkie.com/ann/evolved/nnt1.html</a><br /><b>References : </b></p>
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		<title>Comment on Can someone help explain Neural Networking in simple terms? by Veronicow</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/can-someone-help-explain-neural-networking-in-simple-terms#comment-281</link>
		<dc:creator>Veronicow</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 08:23:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/can-someone-help-explain-neural-networking-in-simple-terms#comment-281</guid>
		<description>I'm in a &#34;show them where to find their answers and save yourself some typing&#34; mood today and I'm sorry if as a fourth year you actually though to do this first, but...

The internet is good.
Google is your friend.
Wikipedia is Decent...ish.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Bsc Computer science</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m in a &quot;show them where to find their answers and save yourself some typing&quot; mood today and I&#8217;m sorry if as a fourth year you actually though to do this first, but&#8230;</p>
<p>The internet is good.<br />
Google is your friend.<br />
Wikipedia is Decent&#8230;ish.</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network</a><br /><b>References : </b><br />Bsc Computer science</p>
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		<title>Comment on i want to built a model reference controller with neural networks principle for my thesis n i need help on it? by God answers all questions</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/i-want-to-built-a-model-reference-controller-with-neural-networks-principle-for-my-thesis-n-i-need-help-on-it#comment-280</link>
		<dc:creator>God answers all questions</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Jan 2010 05:02:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/i-want-to-built-a-model-reference-controller-with-neural-networks-principle-for-my-thesis-n-i-need-help-on-it#comment-280</guid>
		<description>This is the message we have heard from him and proclaim to you, that God is light and in him is no darkness at all.  
If we say we have fellowship with him while we walk in darkness, we lie and do not live according to the truth;  
but if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus his Son cleanses us from all sin.  
If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.  
If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just, and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness.  
If we say we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us.&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is the message we have heard from him and proclaim to you, that God is light and in him is no darkness at all.<br />
If we say we have fellowship with him while we walk in darkness, we lie and do not live according to the truth;<br />
but if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus his Son cleanses us from all sin.<br />
If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.<br />
If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just, and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness.<br />
If we say we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us.<br /><b>References : </b></p>
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		<title>Comment on In neural networks  how would you answer the following? by Wally</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/in-neural-networks-how-would-you-answer-the-following#comment-279</link>
		<dc:creator>Wally</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jan 2010 13:11:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/in-neural-networks-how-would-you-answer-the-following#comment-279</guid>
		<description>Probably when w -&#62; 0 
exp(-w) -&#62; 1
and 1/(1 + exp(-w)) -&#62; 1/2
Hope this helps&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Probably when w -&gt; 0<br />
exp(-w) -&gt; 1<br />
and 1/(1 + exp(-w)) -&gt; 1/2<br />
Hope this helps<br /><b>References : </b></p>
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		<title>Comment on Optical  Neural Networks? by George</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/optical-neural-networks#comment-278</link>
		<dc:creator>George</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 09 Jan 2010 09:38:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/optical-neural-networks#comment-278</guid>
		<description>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleListURL&#38;_method=tag&#38;_temp=&#38;sort=r&#38;sisrterm=&#38;_ArticleListID=932866142&#38;view=c&#38;_chunk=0&#38;count=1000&#38;_st=&#38;refsource=&#38;_acct=C000017279&#38;_version=1&#38;_urlVersion=0&#38;_userid=333848&#38;md5=131b998d1b91f78af5e069e4c4945a08

have a search through that list of 19259 papers, 90% are free to download

good luck&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleListURL&amp;_method=tag&amp;_temp=&amp;sort=r&amp;sisrterm=&amp;_ArticleListID=932866142&amp;view=c&amp;_chunk=0&amp;count=1000&amp;_st=&amp;refsource=&amp;_acct=C000017279&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=333848&amp;md5=131b998d1b91f78af5e069e4c4945a08" rel="nofollow">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleListURL&amp;_method=tag&amp;_temp=&amp;sort=r&amp;sisrterm=&amp;_ArticleListID=932866142&amp;view=c&amp;_chunk=0&amp;count=1000&amp;_st=&amp;refsource=&amp;_acct=C000017279&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=333848&amp;md5=131b998d1b91f78af5e069e4c4945a08</a></p>
<p>have a search through that list of 19259 papers, 90% are free to download</p>
<p>good luck<br /><b>References : </b></p>
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		<title>Comment on i need an video tutorials on neural networks where do i get ? by suraj</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/i-need-an-video-tutorials-on-neural-networks-where-do-i-get#comment-277</link>
		<dc:creator>suraj</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jan 2010 07:07:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/i-need-an-video-tutorials-on-neural-networks-where-do-i-get#comment-277</guid>
		<description>I THINK www.youtube.com OR www.expertvillage.com ARE THE BEST WEBSITES FOR YOU.....&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I THINK <a href="http://www.youtube.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.youtube.com</a> OR <a href="http://www.expertvillage.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.expertvillage.com</a> ARE THE BEST WEBSITES FOR YOU&#8230;..<br /><b>References : </b></p>
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		<title>Comment on Can I study Neural networks&#38;artificial intelligence technology at Mtech if i have Biomedical engineering at BE? by scottsdalehigh64</title>
		<link>http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/can-i-study-neural-networksartificial-intelligence-technology-at-mtech-if-i-have-biomedical-engineering-at-be#comment-276</link>
		<dc:creator>scottsdalehigh64</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Jan 2010 19:37:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icann2007.org/neural-networks/can-i-study-neural-networksartificial-intelligence-technology-at-mtech-if-i-have-biomedical-engineering-at-be#comment-276</guid>
		<description>Certainly you can if you have the prerequisites.  However, I would stick with biomedical engineering.  It has more practical applications.&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;References : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;I have studied artificial intelligence, and I was a biomedical engineering fellow at Johns Hopkins Medical School.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Certainly you can if you have the prerequisites.  However, I would stick with biomedical engineering.  It has more practical applications.<br /><b>References : </b><br />I have studied artificial intelligence, and I was a biomedical engineering fellow at Johns Hopkins Medical School.</p>
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